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The historical interaction between Christianity and Islam, in the field of comparative religion, connects fundamental ideas in Christianity with similar ones in Islam. Islam and Christianity share their origins in the Abrahamic tradition though Christianity predates Islam by six centuries. Islam accepts many aspects of Christianity as part of its faith – with some differences in interpretation, and rejects other aspects. To compare these two religions we should dwell at length on those general aspects, which are called “basic concepts”.
Christianity and Islam have many similarities in its basic concepts. Both of these two religions are monotheistic. God is recognized as the Creator; He is omnipotent, omniscient, immanent within His creation yet transcendent. God has a unique relationship with humans and He makes agreements or Covenants with humans. Christianity and Islam have similar eschatology (pertaining to the last days or the end of the world) – this world will come to an end someday and no-one knows when. At the end of the world, God will judge humans based on their actions in compliance with a moral code. This judgement will determine one's eternal abode, heaven or hell (bliss or punishment). Christians and Muslims believe that human beings have a soul which is eternal, continuing its existence after our physical death; humans have the ability to choose between good and evil, and if a person errs or transgresses, God may forgive them, if they sincerely repent. There are also similarities between the Quranic and biblical version of many stories, such as Adam and Eve, Moses and the children of Israel, etc.
However, there are much more differences than similarities in basic concepts of these two religions. Christians believe in the Trinity (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit), but Muslims don’t. Christians currently emphasize the beautiful aspects of God (i.e. God is Love), but in Islam God has informed us of only 99 of His beautiful names. In Islam Jesus is recognized as a Prophet and a servant of God, but in Christianity Jesus, as a member of the Trinity, is viewed as God Himself. Most Christians believe that judgement takes place, immediately upon death; Qur'an says that Judgement will occur on Judgement Day (the end of the world when God will judge all human beings beginning from Adam and Eve). Christians believe in vicarious atonement – that another person can extinguish the guilt incurred by another person's sins; Muslims believe that each person is responsible for his or her own actions and that no-one else can atone for them. For Muslims, Prophets are spiritually advanced and are very pure and sinless, but they don’t have the same stature in Christianity. There are also many differences between the Quranic and the Biblical versions in the details of certain Biblical stories.
Christianity and Islam can be identified as related religions. However, their many points of similarity are no guarantee that their followers can get along. And the fact that most of the serious religiously motivated conflicts, mass crimes against humanity and genocides in the 20th century have been between Muslims and Christians evidences it.